What Can Cause Severe Heartburn?

February 21, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Heartburn

Severe heartburn, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. Several factors can contribute to severe heartburn, and individuals may experience symptoms such as a burning sensation in the chest, regurgitation of acid or food, difficulty swallowing, and persistent coughing. Some common causes of severe heartburn include:

  • Hiatal hernia: A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, which can contribute to the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.
  • Weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES): The LES is a muscular ring that separates the esophagus from the stomach. If the LES is weak or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight, especially around the abdominal area, can put pressure on the stomach and LES, increasing the risk of acid reflux.
  • Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can relax the LES and increase pressure on the stomach, leading to heartburn.
  • Certain foods and beverages: Spicy or acidic foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, caffeine, and fatty or fried foods can trigger heartburn in some individuals.
  • Smoking: Smoking can weaken the LES and increase acid production, contributing to heartburn.
  • Certain medications: Some medications, such as certain asthma medications, calcium channel blockers, antihistamines, and sedatives, can relax the LES or irritate the esophagus.
  • Delayed stomach emptying: Conditions that delay the emptying of the stomach, such as gastroparesis, can increase the risk of acid reflux.
  • Connective tissue disorders: Disorders affecting connective tissues, such as scleroderma, can impact the function of the LES and contribute to GERD.
  • Stress and lack of sleep: Emotional stress and insufficient sleep can exacerbate heartburn symptoms.

It’s important for individuals experiencing severe or persistent heartburn to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medications (such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers) are common approaches to manage and alleviate symptoms of severe heartburn. In some cases, surgical interventions may be considered for more severe or refractory cases.

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