What Causes Cramps During Period?

October 31, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Cramps during menstruation

Cramps during menstruation, commonly known as menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea, are caused by the contraction of the uterine muscles. These contractions are a normal part of the menstrual process and are typically not a cause for concern. Menstrual cramps can be classified into two main categories:

  • Primary Dysmenorrhea: This is the most common type of menstrual cramps and occurs without any underlying medical condition. The pain is caused by the release of prostaglandins, which are natural chemicals produced in the uterine lining. Prostaglandins cause the uterine muscles to contract more forcefully to help shed the uterine lining (endometrium) during menstruation. The pain can vary in intensity and typically begins a day or two before the period and continues for the first few days of menstruation.
  • Secondary Dysmenorrhea: This type of menstrual cramp is associated with an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, or adenomyosis. In secondary dysmenorrhea, the pain is often more severe and persistent, and it tends to worsen with age. The underlying condition can lead to structural changes in the reproductive organs, which can cause pain and discomfort during menstruation.

To alleviate menstrual cramps, individuals can try various strategies, including:

  • Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Non-prescription pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can help reduce the severity of cramps by decreasing prostaglandin production and relieving pain.
  • Heat Therapy: Applying a heating pad to the lower abdomen can help relax the uterine muscles and relieve pain.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity, including light exercise or yoga, can help reduce the intensity of menstrual cramps.
  • Relaxation Techniques: Stress management, relaxation, and deep-breathing exercises can help reduce tension and pain.
  • Dietary Changes: Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while minimizing caffeine, sugar, and salt intake may help alleviate cramps.
  • Prescription Medications: In cases of severe menstrual cramps, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain relievers or hormonal treatments to regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce pain.

If menstrual cramps are severe, persistent, or significantly interfere with daily activities, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider. They can help determine whether there is an underlying condition contributing to the pain and recommend appropriate treatments or interventions.

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