What Causes Dwarfism in Humans?

September 8, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Dwarfism in Humans?

Dwarfism in humans is primarily caused by genetic factors that result in the abnormal growth of bones and cartilage. There are over 200 different types of dwarfism, but they generally fall into two categories: proportionate dwarfism and disproportionate dwarfism. Here’s an overview of the main causes of dwarfism:

  • Achondroplasia: Achondroplasia is the most common type of dwarfism and accounts for about 70% of all cases. It is caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene, which affects the development of cartilage and bone. People with achondroplasia have short stature with disproportionately short limbs, a large head, and characteristic facial features. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, meaning that one affected parent can pass it on to their children.
  • Hypochondroplasia: This condition is related to achondroplasia and is caused by mutations in the same gene but results in a milder form of dwarfism with less severe features.
  • Diastrophic Dysplasia: Diastrophic dysplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused by mutations in the SLC26A2 gene. It leads to a variety of skeletal abnormalities, including short stature, joint deformities, and scoliosis.
  • Pseudoachondroplasia: Pseudoachondroplasia is another rare form of dwarfism caused by mutations in the COMP gene. It results in short limbs, joint pain, and early-onset osteoarthritis.
  • Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia: This is a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the spine and the epiphyses (the ends) of long bones. It leads to short stature and spinal abnormalities.
  • Primordial Dwarfism: This is a group of extremely rare genetic conditions that result in severe short stature and disproportionately small body size. There are several subtypes of primordial dwarfism, each caused by different gene mutations.
  • Other Genetic Disorders: Some genetic syndromes, such as Russell-Silver syndrome and Seckel syndrome, can also lead to dwarfism as one of their features.

It’s important to note that not all individuals with dwarfism have the same characteristics or experience the same health issues. Treatment and management of dwarfism may involve addressing specific medical concerns, such as orthopedic problems, as well as providing support for individuals and their families. Genetic counseling is often recommended for families with a history of dwarfism to understand the risks and causes associated with their particular type of dwarfism.

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