Is Cataract Caused by Diabetes?

February 14, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Person with Cataract eye

Yes, diabetes is a risk factor for the development of cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye, leading to a decrease in vision. The lens is normally clear, allowing light to pass through and focus on the retina. However, in a cataract, the lens becomes cloudy, affecting vision.

Diabetes can contribute to the development and progression of cataracts through several mechanisms:

  • High Blood Sugar Levels: Elevated blood sugar levels, which are characteristic of diabetes, can lead to changes in the proteins within the lens, causing them to clump together and form opacities or cataracts.
  • Osmotic Changes: The increased levels of glucose in the lens can lead to osmotic changes, affecting the fluid balance within the lens and contributing to the development of cataracts.
  • Glycation: High blood sugar can cause a process called glycation, where sugar molecules attach to proteins, altering their structure and function. This process may impact the proteins in the lens and contribute to cataract formation.
  • Oxidative Stress: Diabetes can lead to increased oxidative stress in the eyes. Oxidative stress may damage the lens proteins and other structures, contributing to cataract development.

It’s important to note that while diabetes is a significant risk factor for cataracts, other factors such as age, genetics, smoking, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation also play a role in cataract formation.

Managing diabetes through proper blood sugar control, a healthy lifestyle, and regular eye examinations can help reduce the risk of developing diabetes-related eye complications, including cataracts. If cataracts do develop, they can often be treated with surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial lens to restore vision. Regular eye check-ups are crucial for individuals with diabetes to monitor and address any eye-related complications promptly.

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