What is Myopia? What are its Causes?

March 28, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Myopia

Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error of the eye where close objects can be seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is too long relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens, or when the cornea or lens is too curved for the length of the eyeball. This causes light rays entering the eye to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it.

The exact causes of myopia are not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

  • Genetics: Myopia tends to run in families, suggesting a strong genetic component. If one or both parents are nearsighted, their children are at a higher risk of developing myopia. Specific genes related to eye development and refractive errors have been identified as potential contributors to myopia.
  • Environmental factors: Environmental factors, particularly those related to visual activities and lifestyle habits, can influence the development and progression of myopia. Prolonged near work, such as reading, computer use, or screen time, especially at a young age, has been associated with a higher risk of myopia. Spending more time outdoors, on the other hand, has been shown to be protective against myopia development.
  • Eye anatomy and structure: Variations in the shape and structure of the eye, such as a longer-than-average eyeball, a steeper-than-average cornea, or a thicker-than-average lens, can contribute to the development of myopia.
  • Age: Myopia often develops or progresses during childhood and adolescence, typically between the ages of 6 and 17. The onset and progression of myopia may be influenced by factors related to eye growth and development during these stages of life.
  • Visual stress and fatigue: Prolonged or intense visual tasks, such as reading or screen time, can cause eye strain and fatigue, which may contribute to the development or worsening of myopia.
  • Other health conditions: Certain systemic or ocular health conditions, such as diabetes or cataracts, may increase the risk of myopia or exacerbate existing myopia.

While myopia cannot always be prevented, early detection and appropriate management can help slow its progression and reduce the risk of associated complications. Treatment options for myopia include prescription eyeglasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology (corneal reshaping therapy), and in some cases, refractive surgery. Regular eye exams are important for monitoring vision changes and ensuring timely intervention when needed.

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