What Causes Papillomavirus?

March 15, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is caused by infection with the human papillomavirus. HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, with some types causing warts and others linked to various cancers, including cervical cancer, anal cancer, and throat cancer. HPV is highly contagious and spreads through skin-to-skin contact, primarily during sexual activity.

Specifically, HPV is transmitted through:

  • Sexual Contact: HPV is most commonly spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus. Genital-to-genital contact, as well as oral-genital contact, can transmit HPV.
  • Skin-to-Skin Contact: HPV can also be spread through skin-to-skin contact, even if there are no visible symptoms, such as warts. This means that genital HPV can be transmitted even when condoms are used, as they do not cover all potentially infected areas.
  • Vertical Transmission: Pregnant women with genital HPV can transmit the virus to their newborn during childbirth, although this is relatively rare.

Certain factors can increase the risk of HPV transmission and infection, including:

  • Having multiple sexual partners
  • Having a weakened immune system
  • Engaging in sexual activity at a young age
  • Not receiving the HPV vaccine

It’s important to note that while most HPV infections do not cause any symptoms and clear on their own, some HPV types can lead to various health problems, including genital warts and certain cancers. Vaccination against HPV is available and recommended for both males and females to prevent HPV infection and associated health issues. Additionally, practicing safe sex, including the use of condoms, can help reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Regular screening for cervical cancer, such as Pap tests, is also important for early detection and treatment of HPV-related abnormalities.

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