What Causes Sharp Lower Back Pain?

March 18, 2024 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's

Lower Back Pain

Sharp lower back pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Muscle Strain: Overstretching or tearing of the muscles and ligaments in the lower back due to sudden movements, lifting heavy objects improperly, or poor posture can lead to sharp pain.
  • Herniated Disc: Also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, this condition occurs when the soft inner core of a spinal disc protrudes through the tough outer layer, putting pressure on nearby nerves and causing sharp pain.
  • Degenerative Disc Disease: This condition involves the gradual wear and tear of the spinal discs over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, often accompanied by sharp pain during certain movements.
  • Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal or nerve root canals, usually due to age-related changes or conditions like arthritis, can compress the nerves and cause sharp, shooting pain in the lower back.
  • Spondylolisthesis: This occurs when one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it, putting pressure on the nerves and causing sharp pain, especially during movement.
  • Sciatica: Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the back of each leg, can cause sharp pain in the lower back that radiates down one leg.
  • Spinal Fractures: Fractures or cracks in the vertebrae, often due to osteoporosis or traumatic injury, can cause sudden sharp pain in the lower back.
  • Muscle Spasms: Sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscles in the lower back can cause intense, sharp pain.
  • Infections or Inflammation: Conditions such as spinal infections (e.g., osteomyelitis) or inflammatory diseases (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis) can cause sharp lower back pain, often accompanied by other symptoms like fever or swelling.
  • Kidney Stones: While the pain typically originates in the flank area, kidney stones can sometimes cause referred sharp pain in the lower back as they pass through the urinary tract.

If you’re experiencing sharp lower back pain, it’s crucial to seek medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Treatment may include rest, pain medication, physical therapy, or in severe cases, surgery.

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